Drugs Are Bad For You - 2267 Words

Growing up, time and time again we are urged not to do drugs and are told that â€Å"drugs are bad for you,† in schools, at home and by many other authority figures. A child typically does not fully understand the reasoning behind this, all they know is that everyone is telling them that drugs are either bad, unhealthy or unsafe without real reasoning. As a child grows, he or she observes people that use drugs even though it is illegal and they do not understand why someone would go against the law and even jeopardize their health to use such drugs. The drug most commonly seen in our culture is marijuana and, surprisingly, it is all around us. Marijuana is shown throughout today’s culture in the media that people enjoy such as: movies, music†¦show more content†¦Up until the late 1930s marijuana was, in fact, legal until the head of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (FBN), Harry J. Anslinger, argued that the FBN had noticed an increase in reports of people smokin g marijuana. He had also, in 1935, received support from President Franklin D. Roosevelt for the adoption of the Uniform State Narcotic Act, state laws that included regulations of cannabis, including hemp, the fiber of the cannabis plant that is extracted from the stem. Anslinger argued that the hemp plant was dangerous and testified at hearings saying that the hemp plant needed to be banned because of its â€Å"violent effect on the degenerate races† this was specifically aimed towards Mexican immigrants, who had entered the country seeking jobs during the Great Depression. However the cannabis plant is far from harmful in the fact that every part of the plant can be used for various things. For example, hemp can be used to make rope, stout fabrics, fiberboard and paper, as well as can be woven into canvas. The â€Å"hurd† of the hemp provides pulp that makes different types of paper, oil to make paints and varnishes, and seed for food. Marijuana plants produce a hig h-protein, high-carbohydrate seeds that can be used in granola and cereals. Hemp oil and seed contain only trace amounts of psychoactive chemicals, not nearly enough to cause any kind of psychedelic effects. The Marijuana Tax Act, introduced in 1937, required sellers to obtain

Positive Reinforcement And Its Effect On Children

Can positive reinforcement in some way harm children or adolescents through our use of trying to pull out certain desired behaviors or traits within them? Over the past century researchers have struggled to come up with methods to how parents can better manage their children, but there has also been research going on at the same time asking whether or not these methods are actually helping children, or harming them. The dictionary definition of positive reinforcement is the offering of desirable effects or consequences for a behavior with the intention of increasing the chance of that behavior being repeated in the future1. In behaviorism, this happens when a reward is given for a desired behavior, often known as a reinforcer. This is used frequently in operant conditioning in order to increase the chances that certain behaviors will occur. To further understand the effects of positive reinforcement on behavior, we need to look at the reward aspect of positive reinforcement and sepa rate it into two forms, extrinsic rewards, and intrinsic motivation. This particular focus of positive reinforcement and its effects on those around us have been around for years. One of the earliest studies done within the last 50 years was on research giving insight on intrinsic motivation by showing that monkeys could solve special puzzles despite there being an absence of food or any other reward ( Harlow, Harlow, Meyer, 1950). Intrinsic motivation can be seen when people participate inShow MoreRelatedPositive Reinforcement Used With Children Of Disorders1126 Words   |  5 PagesPositive Reinforcement used with children of disorders    Katelynn Sullaway Northwest Vista College Class:  PSYC 2308 Positive reinforcement used with children of disorders Reinforcement is used by parents, caregivers, and adults to show children the desired behavior. Positive Reinforcement avoids using punishment, yelling, degradation (Boyd Bee, 2009). Reinforcement has been around for years and has been used around the world by generations of parents. It is a familiar term in modernRead MoreEffects of Verbal Reinforcement on the Rate and Content of a Conversation1589 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Verbal Reinforcement on the Rate and Content of a Conversation Verbal reinforcement is a characteristic of social reinforcement where language is used to buttress the conduct of either oneself or another. This is usually in the form of praise. Effect of Verbal Reinforcement Verbal reinforcement is one of the most widely used strategies of initiating behavioral change in different individuals (Vallerand et al. 1987). Whether it is at the workplace or in school, people fully utilizeRead MoreReinforcement Theory Vs. Operant Conditioning1513 Words   |  7 PagesThere has been concern if the effects of certain types of reinforcement (such as positive and negative) can effectively change an individual’s behavior. There is evidence to suggest that certain types of positive and negative reinforcement can motivate an individual far beyond his potential, while punishment, on the other hand, is completely different from negative reinforcement, but it is very often associated with it. Both forms of reinforcement are designed to have a desired behavior learned andRead MoreConditioning Procedures in Shaping Childrens Behaviour1582 Words   |  7 Pageslaw of effect. (Martin et.al, 2006). Although Thorndike discovered the law of effect, B.F Skinner was the one who brought the study of operant conditioning into the lab and devised objective methods for studying human behaviour. He invented the operant chamber which is also known as the Skinner box where animal’s behaviour can be easily observed, manipulated, and automatically recorded. Operant conditioning allows us to learn association between behaviour and outcome. It teaches children to modifyRead MorePositive Reinforcement Techniques For Children With Odd And Adhd1010 Words   |  5 PagesPositive reinforcement occurs after a behavior is exhibited in order to insure the behavior will continue. The following research studies used positive reinforcement treatment plans to increased compliance behavior for children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder that exhibit stereotypical behavior. The results showed that by using positive reinforcement techniques, children’s disruptive behavior was reduced. Results showed that the posit ive reinforcementRead MoreReinforcement And Punishment On Children1535 Words   |  7 PagesReinforcement and Punishment are used in the classroom as well as many homes for small children. Reinforcement is the technique of inspiring or authorizing a pattern of behavior which may lead to a reward. Many children do what is right because of the positive reinforcements they may receive. In the learning environment, children look forward to reinforcement such as candy, snacks, as well as stickers or other fun activities. If positive reinforcement is used in children’s households, the childrenRead MoreCorporal Punishment and the Effects of Its Usage757 Words   |  3 PagesCorporal Punishment and the effects of its usage Corporal punishment is the ability to make physical contact as a form of punishment for reprimanding ones behavior. Corporal punishment versus positive reinforcement while they both serve their purpose corporal punishment is known to be more effective. The most common form of disciplining has always been either a spanking, corporal punishment has been dated all the way back to biblical times. Now the corporal punishment that occurred during biblicalRead MoreThe Effects Of Reinforcement On Treating Disorders And Substance Use1218 Words   |  5 PagesThe use of reinforcement has been shown in multiple studies in treating disorders such as anxiety and substance use. It is most commonly used during behavioral cognitive therapy to change people s way of thinking and actions. The outcomes of reinforcement in these treatments have shown an overall positive effect with the disorder being shown at a lesser degree or disappearing completely. Reinforcement is described as the process by whic h a stimulus increases the probability that a preceding behaviorRead MoreEssay on Proven Methods Of Child Discipline1465 Words   |  6 Pagesinstilling some kind of success in our children. To ensure that children are successful in life they need to be well disciplined but also socially and morally developed human beings. It is the parent’s duty to keep their children well disciplined along with giving them the opportunity to develop socially and morally. But how is it possible to approach this task correctly? Using proven methods of discipline through reasoning, positive and negative reinforcement, and observational learning one can effectivelyRead MorePraising Children Essay examples1679 Words   |  7 PagesPraising Children Yaren D Obando Introduction to Psychology I Praising Children The field of behaviorism has always lacked agreement and will always be a debatable subject. Nonetheless, we find ourselves in the middle of one. Whether is bad or not to praise, or frequently use positive reinforcement in our children, and its consequences of doing so or not doing so is the issue at stake here. Both perspectives, both positions, and both sides have been well represented by the authors of each

Sample Solution Algorithm to Determine Meal Charges Free Essays

Week 2 Activity – Meal Purchase TCO #2– Given a simple business problem, design a solution algorithm that uses arithmetic expressions and built-in functions. Assignment: Your goal is to solve the following simple programming exercise. You have been contracted by a local restaurant to design an algorithm determining the total meal charges. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Solution Algorithm to Determine Meal Charges or any similar topic only for you Order Now The algorithm should ask the user for the total food purchase and the tip percent. Then, the algorithm will calculate the amount of a tip, a 7% sales tax, and the total meal charge (including tip). The food purchase, sales tax, tip amount, and total meal charge will need to be displayed to the customer. Be sure to THINK about the logic and design first (IPO chart and pseudocode), then code the Visual Logic command line processing. Display all output using currency formatting (built-in Visual Logic function). Advanced (optional): use a constants for the 7% sales tax. Rubric: When completed staple the following documents together neatly in 1,2,3,4 order: †¢This instruction sheet first †¢The IPO Chart, second †¢The Pseudocode, third †¢The Flowchart and output example last. Point distribution for this application: Meal Purchase Document: Points possible: Points received IPO Chart Pseudocode 6 Flowchart 8 Total Points 20 IPO Chart: Input Processing Output Enter Total Food Purchase Price Calculate Food price Add Tip %* Total Food Purchased Add 7% tax * Total Food Purchased Total Meal Charge Pseudocode: Begin mealPurchase Total Food Purchased Imput total Purchased Food Amount Please enter the amount for tip percent Imput tip percent Set total tip = tip percent/ 100 Set total tip=total tip * Total food purchased amount Set total tax= sales tax/100 Set total tax= total tax* = total food purchased amount End Flowchart: Example Output after execution: How to cite Sample Solution Algorithm to Determine Meal Charges, Papers

Knowledge Management Principles Tacit and Explicit

Question: Discuss about theKnowledge Management Principlesfor Tacit and Explicit. Answer: What Makes a Set of Data Useful or Useless? According to (Oxford , 2016), the term data refers to raw facts collected and put together for the purpose of analysis. Data becomes useful when it is analyzed, and the information is created out of it data may reach people in the form of messages and may either be important to them of negligible. According to(Nielen, 2012), data processing separates useful data from useless data. Data is considered useless when it cannot be analyzed or does not produce the desired information. Data ids analyzed by purpose if the data collected can serve the intended purpose then it is considered to be important data. A set of data can be useful to a certain category of people but useless to another category because they may have different purposes. For instance, data collected by an automobile organization on their sales and consumer preferences would be useless to another organization operating in a different field of business. Information gained after analyzing data target a unique audience, and it would be useless to a different audience. Data usefulness is grounded on the meaning and the usage of data, when data is relevant to a given context then it is considered important, but the same data would be useless in a different context since it would be regarded as irreverent. Tacit and Explicit Knowledge According to (Frost, 2010) there exist different forms of knowledge and understanding these forms it important in knowledge management. The availability and accessibility of knowledge determine its usefulness. Explicit knowledge is a form of knowledge that has been coded and stored which makes it possible to access and use it. Explicit knowledge is stored in files and can be retrieved when needed, and it can also be modified. Explicit knowledge ensures that people can access to the information that they need. According to (Kane, 2012), explicit knowledge can easily be searched and accessed. Explicit knowledge allows users to collaborate and make the most out of the information. Tacit knowledge is experience based knowledge which an individual has. Its accessibility depends on personal nature and his willingness to share the information. Therefore, tacit knowledge is not easily accessible, unlike explicit knowledge. Tacit knowledge held in the mind of an individual and includes; skills, attitude values, talents among others(Frost, 2010). According to(Kane, 2012), tacit knowledge is the most important asset in the organization since it is the main source of knowledge. To access tacit knowledge, one is required to develop a healthy interaction with the people so that they can share their knowledge. I gathered information about Holden Commodore car from friends and also from Holden web. In my findings, tacit knowledge gathered from friends mainly included the attitudes towards various models of Holden Commodore cars. I was able to understand why some people preferred a certain car model over another. From Holden web which provides explicit knowledge about their cars, I was able to see some of their car models and their qualities. They also resented on the price ranges of their car ((Holden, 2007). Despite the important information gathered from my friends on the experiences and attitudes, they hold towards various Holden models. My decision on the car that I would like to purchase was guided explicit knowledge found on Holden web since it provided me with a diverse knowledge about their cars which I could not get from friends. Roles of Organizational Culture in the Development of Knowledge Management Infrastructure. Organizational culture refers to a set of shared beliefs, practices and norms in an organization. Knowledge management infrastructure is technical and social. Organizational infrastructures are important aspects that help the organization to achieve its objectives. According to(Frost, 2014) Knowledge has some social aspects which partly depend on organizational and community culture. Knowledge sharing depends on the cultural practices of the organization such as willingness and availability of conditions that make knowledge sharing possible. Organizational culture gives the employees a sense of belonging thus creating a common foundation which allows the members of the organization to communicate and understand each other well. Better communication in an organization ensures that there is effective knowledge sharing culture in an organization. According to (Seyedyousefi, et al., 2016) development of mutual trusting an organization allows people to share information freely. If mistrust develops among the members of an organization, then they cannot share information since they develop suspicion on the intentions and behaviors of other members. The willingness of sharing and seeking knowledge is determined by the concept of reciprocity this refers possibility of an individual benefitting from the knowledge he shares in the future. The benefits may be informed of compensation which could be intangible in a form such as building a better reputation of the individual, or the person may get also get the same help in the future. According to (Hossein, 2010), the organization culture can either weaken or strengthen the organization. Negative culture will lead to poor relationships between the members of the organization which alters the functioning of the organization. Role of Organizational Structure in the Development of Knowledge Management Infrastructure. Organizational structures refer to how the organization is organized into some bodies with distinct functions. Organizational structures determine how people in the organization relate to each other. Organizational structure can be categorized into two categories that are, formal and informal structures(Frost, 2010). Formal organization structure outlines the roles of the various departments in the order of hierarchy and the relationship that exists between them. The organization should ensure that the formal structure of the organization does not alter informal structure since this may hinder the process of knowledge sharing and knowledge creation. Therefore an organization should understand that for effective knowledge management in the organization formal and informal structures must be allowed to coexist. Informal structures refer to networks formed as a result of relationships built when people work together. If an organization has well developed informal structures, there exist healthy interactions among the members which ensures effective creation and sharing of knowledge. Community of Practice According to (Trayner, 2011) community of practice refers to a team of people with a common interest or passion who learn through interaction. Human naturally learns through social interactions. Professionals advance their skills through frequent interaction with others in the same field. It is essential for people who have a desire to improve their skills and services to the people to develop better interaction skills mostly with another professional in a similar field of profession. According to (Trayner, et al., 2014)Community of Practice has three essential elements; The domain: this refers to a common interest that the members want to learn through sharing. The community: this refers to the overall group of people who come together with the aim of The practice: practice is a byproduct of learning. Interaction among the members instills skills in them which help them improve in their profession. Benefit of Community of Practice to a Local Hospital According to (Mitchel Wood, 2012) benefits of a community of practice can be grouped into two that is, depending on the effect it has on an individual or the organization. Benefits on Individuals It assists the employees in managing change, in case an organization makes changes the experts in the organization may decide to organize themselves and discuss the changes in the organization and how they can adapt to the changes. Provides new knowledge to the members of the organization. Through a community of practice, members learn from one another. Through these interactions, members can freely share knowledge thus enabling individuals to gain knowledge. It boosts trust and commonness of purpose among the members of the organization. Through a community of practice, members can support each other through sharing and solving problems. The community of practice adds value to professional lives of the members of the organization. By sharing experiences and knowledge members can advance their professional Benefits to the Organization. The community of practice enables the members to come with new knowledge and enhance skill development in an organization. Participation of members allows them to contribute and learn which betters their skills. The community of practice uses knowledge management to drive a strategy. Through a community of practice, information on the organization easily and effectively disseminated to the members. Facilitate timely and effective response to customer demands since the organization can identify the members who can effectively respond to their client's demands. Enable new employees to learn the practices of the organization within a short period thereby facilitating easy adaptation in the organization. References Frost, A., 2010. Managing organizational structures. Knowledge Management Journal, pp. 1-7. Frost, A., 2010. The Different Types of Knowledge. Knowledge Management Articles. Frost, A., 2014. Knowledge Management: The significance of organizational culture.. Knowledge Management Articles. Holden, 2007. Your Journey Starts Here, s.l.: Holden. Hossein, S. M., 2010. A study on the function of knowledge management in universities. Cultural Management Journal, Volume 8, pp. 2-19. Kane, J., 2012. Knowledge communities: Explicit knowledge vs. Tacit knowledge. Impact. Mitchel, J. Wood, S., 2012. Benefits of the community of practice. Community Practice, pp. 1-2. Nielen, G., 2012. Information systems in a management structure.. s.l.: Springer. Oxford, 2016. English Oxford is living dictionaries. s.l.:s.n. Seyedyousefi, N., Fard, s. M. H. FatemeTohidi, 2016. The role of organizational culture in knowledge management. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences., 7(5), p. 3. Trayner, E. W.-. et al., 2014. Learning in landscapes of practice.. s.l.: Cambridge University Press. Trayner, W., 2011. What is a community of practice?. Team Be.